Jackie robinson 2 Essay Example For Students

Jackie robinson 2 Essay Robinson, Jackie (1919-72), American athlete and business executive. He was born Jack Roosevelt Robinson in Cairo, Georgia. He attended Pasadena Junior College (now Pasadena City College) in California and the University of California, Los Angeles. As an undergraduate, Robinson excelled in football, basketball, baseball, and track. He left college in 1941 in his junior year and shortly thereafter joined the U. S. Army. Discharged early in 1945 with the rank of first lieutenant, Robinson signed a contract to play professional baseball with the Monarchs, a Kansas City, Missouri, team of the Negro American League. Later in 1945 Robinson signed with Branch Rickey, general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, to play with the minor league Royals in Montral. After one season with the Royals, Robinson joined the Brooklyn team and became the first black to play modern major league baseball. From 1947 to 1956, mostly as a second baseman, Robinson batted . 311 in 1382 games. He was also a daring baserunner. In 1962 Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, the first black player so honored. After leaving baseball, Robinson was vice president of a restaurant chain in New York City. From 1964 to 1968 he served as special assistant for civil rights to Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York. Robinson starred in the motion picture The Jackie Robinson Story (1950) and was the author, with Alfred Duckett, of I Never Had It Made (1972) ROBINSON, Jackie (1919-72). The first black player in either of the major baseball leagues was Jackie Robinson. He broke the color barrier in 1947, two years after he was signed by Branch Rickey, president of the Brooklyn (now Los Angeles) Dodgers. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Ga., on Jan. 31, 1919. He grew up in Pasadena, Calif. In high school and at Pasadena Junior College he demonstrated great athletic skill in track, basketball, football, and baseball. He continued to excel in sports at the University of California at Los Angeles. He left school in 1941 and was drafted the following year for Army service during World War II. After receiving a medical discharge in 1945, he spent a year playing baseball with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League. His outstanding play brought him to the attention of Rickey, who handpicked him as the man most likely to succeed in overcoming the racism prevalent in the sport. He played the 1946 season with the Montreal Royals, a Dodgers farm club, and led the International League in hitting with a . 349 average. He stole 40 bases and scored 113 runs. When the Dodgers opened their 1947 season, Robinson was playing second base. An immediate success, he led the National League in stolen bases and was named rookie of the year. The chief problem he had to overcome was controlling his fiery temper in the face of continual racial slurs from the crowds and other ball players, including his own teammates. In 1949, with a . 342 average, he was named the most valuable player in the league. He was one of the games best base runners, with a total of 197 stolen bases. The Dodgers won six National League pennants during Robinsons ten playing years. He retired from baseball in 1956 with a lifetime batting average of .311. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, the first black player to be so honored. After retirement he became a vice-president of a New York restaurant firm and the president of a land-development company. He also worked with drug-prevention programs. Robinson died suddenly on Oct. 24, 1972, in Stamford, Conn. .

Mind over Matter Essay Example For Students

Mind over Matter Essay Out of the myriad of religions that encompass the earth, one of the least understood is Buddhism. In the pursuit of a higher plane of existence, a Buddhist monk will renounce his worldly secular life, instead embracing a life of meditation and study. While attempting to achieve enlightenment, and therefore nirvana, a Buddhist must first come to eradicate his sense of self, effectively destroying his ego. By doing this, durkha, (pain and suffering), end and one can be at peace and harmony with the world and all who reside in it. A practice that helps monks achieve this enlightened state is meditation. By learing the mind of mundane clutter and distractions, a monk can become in tune with his inner being and body, which results in a greater understanding of the barriers that need to collapse before nirvana can be achieved. This practice of meditation was the Buddhist practice that I participated in, with the intent on a greater understanding of what being a Buddhist means. This exercise taught me the inherent difficulty in calming the mind, along with the negative effects outside influences like other people have on the practice. The first place I attempted to meditate was outside my dorm next to a tree. This proved to be a comfortable place, yet full of distractions. I have meditated before in my martial arts classes, yet it was difficult calming my mind. While concentrating on my breathing, I was easily distracted by outside occurrences such as leaves falling and people walking by. The more I attempted to shut out the outside world, the more my mind focused on the little things around me. I gained immediate appreciation of the Buddhist monks ability to shirk the outside world and focus on his inner self. When I had meditated before in my dojo, it was as a group and in silence. This greatly helped the exercise nd I can see why this is the modus operandi at most temples. The second place I attempted to meditate was in the basement of Reid Hall. I hoped that the familiar surroundings would calm the mind easier and allow me to concentrate on clearing my mind. While not an ideal setting, it was better than outside. As I concentrated on my breathing and felt myself unwind, I was able to tune into the sound of the dryers in the distance and this white noise helped me focus on my spirit and not anything happening around me. I imagined myself first as earth, then air, striving to feel these elements inside f me. However, friends from the hall soon entered the basement and inquired about what I was doing. This broke my concentration, snapping my mind back into the present. I was unable to achieve that sense of oneness again, as people came down to play Ping-Pong, making the exercise virtually worthless. I had come closer than the first time, yet had a long way to go. My third attempt at imitating a Buddhist monk while meditating took place in my room, while my roommates were gone. I sat cross-legged (the lotus position was impossible for me) on the floor and once again concentrated on the ir flowing through my body. I found that just like the dryers in the basement, I was able to concentrate better with classical music on very softly. I guess, for me, the incessant noise of society makes white noise better for concentrating than absolute silence. This time, I quickly sunk into a sense of calm, all my thoughts of school fading away. I imagined myself a monk in the Chin Shan temple, striving for enlightenment. Just to add another level to the activity (by this time is was fairly boring) I attempted to decipher the Zen Buddhist koan What is the sound of one hand clapping? This proved utterly mpossible in the half-hour time period I was meditating, yet it gave me a feel for what a Buddhist monk does and helped focus my errant mind, preventing it from wandering. By far, the last time I meditated was the most successful. There were no major advances, everything was a measure of degree. .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d , .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .postImageUrl , .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d , .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:hover , .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:visited , .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:active { border:0!important; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:active , .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua01ae3d6250d42946dabfcada70f5c9d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same sex adoption: Do I qualify? EssayYet sitting for a half-hour cross-legged was no longer extremely uncomfortable, focusing the breathing and mind was easier, and I felt at peace which was nice feeling in a usually hectic college day. After trying to emulate the life of a Buddhist monk, even for a total of an hour and a half, I have infinite more respect for these en and women. I have always respected forms of mental concentration and the ability to raise oneself into a higher plane of consciousness. In my study of the martial arts, the ability to become one with your opponent and therefore know how he will move before he actually moves is paramount. This omniscient sense occurs only after years of training, and while a black belt who has trained for six years I am still far from this state of ability. I can readily see why the pursuit of nirvana can span a lifetime, indeed, multiple lifetimes. The mind is, indeed, the hardest element of the human body to control. With the brains need for activity, a combination of seclusion from society and group meditation is of great importance, especially in the beginning of ones path toward the mastery of the Eight-fold Path. The seclusion is necessary so that outside distractions and desires are eliminated. If the mind has nothing to crave or look forward to, it is easier to pursue the task at hand. Unlike the hustle and noise of Oxford, a temple offers a place to get away from life and find the inner life within oneself. Yet this inner self, which is ultimately to be eradicated, is hard to find. One can know who one is and yet ot be able to define oneself. One of the goals of a Buddhist monk is to be able truthfully define oneself and this knowledge will then set ones soul free. Yet this endeavor is the hardest task a human can undertake. To truly face what one really is takes more courage than most people have. To aid this, the community of the temple comes into play heavily. It is easier to meditate and deny oneself the riches of secular life if you struggle beside others. While Buddhism advocates a personal struggle toward enlightenment, humans are gregarious beings at heart and so normally work better in the presence of brethren. Along with ones fellow monks, the abbot and preceptors help guide and direct the learning of the monks. They offer subtle forms of encouragement, often disguised in hardship, that aid the monks in their struggle toward understanding. This is a boon, allowing enlightenment to occur quicker than in the solitary meditation I experienced. A Buddhist way of life is a lot harder than one may suspect, for while they are released from the worries of everyday life, the mental tasks assigned to them are far greater than worrying about what to cook for dinner tonight or paying ones electricity bill. Furthermore, a Buddhist lifestyle is not very conducive to an American lifestyle. I give a lot of credit to the founders of the Zen Mountain Center in San Francisco, creating a microcosm which can support the solitude necessary for personal growth is a daunting task. From my limited venture into the life of a Buddhist, I learned that controlling ones mind and then harnessing this power to delve out truths and desires from oneself is a feat almost inconceivable by the normal mind. Those who accomplish this task are truly Buddhas, masters of the world and therefore outside the grasp of time, free at last.

How to Find a Formal Reflective Essay Sample

How to Find a Formal Reflective Essay SampleWhen you are doing a formal reflection essay, you will find that there are many sources of these essays that you can use. These will be taken from essays that you have written in the past and it is the best way for you to do one. The good thing about this type of essay is that it is not that difficult to write. You will want to make sure that you take the time to find a formal reflection essay sample that you like and then you can use it as a guide.The first thing that you will want to look for when you are doing a formal reflection essay is an interesting topic. You will want to make sure that the essay is reflective of what you are currently going through. This is a great place to find topics that you can write about so you will want to make sure that you look through these many sources that are available to you.When you are looking at a formal reflection essay sample, you will want to make sure that the essay is from a professor that you can trust. Many of the times you will find that you can trust your professors to tell you if what you are writing is right or not. The last thing that you want to do is find a professor that will tell you that it is right.Another good source of an essay is someone that has had a different experience with the same subject. When you are doing a formal reflection essay, you will want to make sure that you are writing about something that you can relate to. This is the best way for you to see what you are writing about and when you are done with the essay you will be able to move on to the next section of your essay.When you are looking for a formal reflection essay, you will want to make sure that the essay that you write is one that will benefit you. You will find that these are not hard to write because you will be able to find so many tips and pointers on how to write these essays. You will want to make sure that you take the time to learn about these things because they are all us eful for you.When you are looking for a formal reflection essay, you will want to make sure that you are able to find something that you are comfortable with. The first thing that you will want to do is to find out what it is that you are comfortable with and then you will want to go with that. The reason that you will want to do this is because it will help you to choose an essay that you are most comfortable with.When you are looking for a formal reflection essay, you will want to make sure that you are going to write a short one. You will find that these can be over five hundred words long and you will want to make sure that you are able to make that mark easily. This is one of the best ways for you to be able to add more information to what you are saying.The next time that you are looking for a formal reflection essay, you will want to make sure that you take the time to find a nice formal reflection essay sample. This is going to be a great resource for you will find that you will be able to write an essay quickly and effectively. This is going to help you to be able to work on the other parts of your essay as well.

Equity Investment Decision Making

Introduction The acquisition of capital is a challenge faced by businesses. However, business enterprises can obtain startup funds from venture capital firms. Venture capital focuses mainly on high-risk startup businesses. Often, entrepreneurs seek venture capital once their businesses are operational and need expansion.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Equity Investment: Decision Making – Business Valuation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Venture capitalists, however, prefer to finance high-risk businesses that promise high financial returns (Bart Mlambo 2008, pp. 33). Nevertheless, venture capital firms usually perform evaluation of new investment opportunities before they decide to invest in a new venture. They use both qualitative and quantitative data in evaluation processes. Nonetheless, their evaluation processes do not yield dependable results. Notably, new ventures do not have relevant revenue and financial performance information that can be used in evaluation processes. Moreover, venture capital firms usually have lean staff. However, they have to evaluate numerous proposals to determine appropriate ones. This affects the productivity of venture capitalists’ staff. This paper presents literature on decision assembly and business evaluation considerations that venture capital firms consider before they finance a project. Literature Review Venture Capital Many entrepreneurs have business ideas but lack the required funds to start business operations. Banks and other debt finance providers can fund business projects that entrepreneurs have. However, these organizations do not fund high-risk businesses. Moreover, they require much information that startup businesses do not have. Hence, entrepreneurs turn to venture capitalists since they focus on high-risk businesses that have high financial rewards. However, the problem that venture capital firms and entrep reneurs face is the determination of the financial viability of an enterprise to be financed. Additionally, there is little academic guidance on the determination of financial viability of an enterprise (Wong 2009, pp. 62).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The inadequacy of information on new ventures and the ineffectiveness of venture capital market creates theoretical and economic challenges in valuation of new businesses. Valuation approaches of businesses rely on accounting information. However, new ventures do not have such information. Hence, venture capitalists can use nonfinancial methods to determine whether to invest in a new venture or not. The arrangement of investment markets facilitates the existence of venture capital. Venture capital assists entrepreneurs who do not have adequate capital. The return on capital that they use to finance entrepreneurs is high. The high returns sustain venture capital firms. Additionally, venture capital exists since it attracts entrepreneurs who have business ideas that can be transformed into profitable ventures. Venture capital industry has four main participants. These include entrepreneurs, investors, investment bankers and venture capitalists (Bishop Nixon 2006, pp. 23). Additionally, investment activities of venture capitalists go through different stages. These stages include deal origination, screening process, evaluation process and finally, negotiation process in which a deal is structured. Moreover, management and control of a financed venture is normally redesigned to protect the investment made by venture capitalists (Wong 2009, pp. 63). An initial stage, where viability of a venture is assessed, can also be included. Venture Capital Decision Assembly Several studies have examined the stages and criteria used in decision assembly by venture capitalists (Bart Mlambo 2008, pp. 34). T he processes used in decision assembly require that new businesses undergo screening. This involves review of the business preparation of a venture. After screening of a venture, the second phase is the due diligence stage. This involves documentation, negotiations and thorough examination of investment details. Venture capitalists use decision assembly processes to collect vital information needed in the determination of whether to accept or reject a proposal. However, risk is high due to limited financial information.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Equity Investment: Decision Making – Business Valuation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Investment decision assembly processes used by venture capital firms seek to limit the risk of undesirable choice. The decision processes examine the potential for positive achievement or collapse of a venture based on accessible information. However, the deci sion assembly processes of venture capital firms face challenges. This is mainly due to informational asymmetry (Bishop Nixon 2006, pp. 23). Two kinds of informational asymmetry exist. These are hidden action and hidden information. Hidden action informational asymmetry occurs when a party does not have knowledge of relevant activities done by the other party of a transaction. On the other hand, hidden information unevenness occurs when one party of a contract knows some germane information while the other party does not (Wong 2009, pp. 63). Often, entrepreneurs have information that financiers cannot access. Hence, it is possible for entrepreneurs to employ exploitative behaviours after finalization of an investment deal (Bart Mlambo 2008, pp. 35). The possible exploitative or opportunistic behaviors of entrepreneurs necessitate the need for financiers to make accurate decisions in the selection of projects to finance. Entrepreneurs should understand the character and procedure o f decision assembly used by venture capitalists in evaluation of businesses. In this way, entrepreneurs increase the possibility of their venture being financed. Moreover, knowledge of the decision-making procedures improves their negotiations abilities. Choice Criteria The techniques that venture capitalists use in information compilation include interrogation, experiments and surveys. Venture capitalists use in-use and espoused criteria in their evaluations. They use in-use criteria in actual decision assembly. On the other hand, they use espoused criteria in evaluation processes (Bishop Nixon 2006, pp. 24). They consider market conditions, competition and management capabilities as they make investment decisions.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The personality and experience of entrepreneurs plays a pivotal role in investment decisions made by venture capitalists. Previous studies used various categories in examination of the factors that distinguish successful and unsuccessful ventures in screening processes (Bishop Nixon 2006, pp. 21). These categories include product, market, industrialist and monetary characteristics. Some studies found that competitiveness of a product and market acceptance play critical roles (Bart Mlambo 2008, pp. 34). Other studies included competitive strategies and resource-based capabilities as additional categories for analysis (Bart Mlambo 2008, pp. 34). Notably, financial considerations do not influence the success of a venture in the evaluation processes. However, the generic criteria that all venture capitalists use comprise potential rewards of a venture, proven abilities of a concept or product, competitive advantages and realistic capital requirement. In management construct, venture capitalists rate entrepreneurs through various criteria. Financiers consider the integrity, experience and records of accomplishment of entrepreneurs. They check leadership, managerial and technical skills (Bishop Nixon 2006, pp. 21). It is vital that venture capitalists determine the most appropriate methods to evaluate ventures to minimize risks. At the same time, it is vital that entrepreneurs know the decision factors that affect the financial proposals and negotiations that they make. Conclusion New enterprises face numerous financial challenges. However, they can obtain start-up capital from venture capital firms. Venture capital firms fund new businesses that are high-risk but promise high financial rewards. However, evaluation of new businesses is complicated due to the inadequacy of financial information. This complicates investment decision-assembly processes that venture capitalists do. The lack of academic literature guidance also complicates the situation. This paper e xplored some of the concerns that venture capitalists should consider in decision assembly. These include market, product, entrepreneur and competitive characteristics. It also discussed features of venture capital and the complications that arise due to information asymmetry. List of References Bart, V Mlambo, C 2008, â€Å"Factors influencing venture capitalists’ project financing decisions in South Africa†, South African Journal of Business Management, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 33-41. Web. Bishop, K Nixon, R 2006, â€Å"Venture opportunity evaluations: Comparisons between venture capitalists and inexperienced pre-nascent entrepreneurs†, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 19-33. Web. Wong, L 2009, â€Å"Effective evaluation criteria for successful ventures: A study of venture capital in Hong Kong†, The Journal of Private Equity, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 62-73. Web. This critical writing on Equity Investment: Decision Making – Business Valuation was written and submitted by user Anya Kirby to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The sociological viewpoint toward social problems

The sociological viewpoint toward social problems According to Crone (2011), there are many ways that sociology can help in solving the present problems in the society. Sociologists can enlighten the society about the problems, conduct research about the problem and give report to the public on what needs to be done.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The sociological viewpoint toward social problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research performed by sociologists can be used by policy makers to address the problem, analyze the existing policies and see if they are working properly or not. In his book, James provides some steps that sociologists can use in solving social problems. Some of the social problems discussed in the book include; violence, inequality, Gender inequality, crime, and drug abuse. Raising society’s awareness The first step towards solving social problems is raising the society’s awareness. He suggests that sociologists can do this by analyzing the social phenomena to recognize new social problems that may have developed in the society. According to Leon-Guerrero (2011), social problems can be described as those issues that affect most people directly or indirectly. Social problems can also be viewed as issues that affect all members of the society. They affect the society and are beyond the influence of an individual regardless of his or her power. Once a problem has been identified, sociologists can inform the public through the media and or report to political authorities about their findings. Sociologists can act as whistle blowers by enlightening the society about what they feel is a social problem. Presently, social media also provide a good avenue where people can air their views. Sociologists can use social media platform to excite members of the public to think about social problems. Sociologists can identify social problems based on certain sociological guidelines.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, whether the social condition is harmful to people’s lives and how many people could be affected by that condition. Sociologists can also raise awareness by writing articles and publishing books about social problems. James point out that through publications and teaching activities, sociologists are able to make people to perceive certain social conditions as problems. Raising awareness is an important step in seeking solutions society’s problems in the long run (Crone, 2011). Conducting research Another important step that sociologists can use in solving social problems is conducting research. It is the responsibility of sociologists to research on issues that affect the society. Research not only provides useful information about the society’s problems but also helps in finding the most suitable ways of solving such problems. In addition, research helps to validate the existing theories and modifies them to suit the prevailing conditions. Research helps sociologists to identify problems based on their standards. For example, based on statistical research and the extent to which an issue is harmful to people’s lives, sociologists are able classify it as a social problem or not. Data collection forms a significant part of research. Sociologists can collect data about the victims of social problems by using accurate methods such as carrying out surveys, interviews, and direct observations. James mentions that policy makers can only develop good policies based on valid data collected. They can use some guiding questions to obtain accurate and useful data. For instance, sociologists can find out what the experiences of the victims are, how victims handle the social problem, and what happens in their lives that could be different from the rest of the society. Sociologists can also ask the victims to give t heir opinions about the solutions to the social problem. Data collected from research can also help policy makers to develop appropriate strategies and policies towards solving social problems.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The sociological viewpoint toward social problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Developing sociological perspective Developing sociological perspective is another step in solving social problems. Sociologists can steer members of the society towards developing sociological perspectives of viewing and solving social problems. Developing sociological perspective involves making the society to have an understanding of a social problem from the perspective of sociologists. For instance, sociologists can make people to see the negative effects of a social problem, thus stimulating them to think towards solving it. Most policy makers use sociological principles, hypothesis, theories, and studies to evaluate and seek solutions to social problems. According to James, sociologists can solve social problems by taking two actions. These actions include making necessary effort to communicate the results of their studies to policymakers and make them to develop a sociological perspective towards the social problem. This will help policy makers to acquire a deeper understanding of the causes, the effects and help them seek for appropriate solutions. Coordination of social policies Sociologists can also solve social problems by employing proper coordination of social policies. How social policy is carried out is a key step to solving social problems. Social problems can better be solved if novel social policies are coordinated well with the existing social policies. Sociologists should analyze how new policies and the existing policies would affect and or supplement each other. In addition, if sociologists feel that the two policies conflict each other, they can find ways of harmoni zing them with an intention of solving social problems. Implementation of social policies could fail or slow down without proper coordination of policies. Therefore, sociologists need to analyze and coordinate existing and new policies to solve social problems. Working towards a shared value is closely associated with coordination of policies.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though conflicting values of society members could lead to failure or slow pace of solving problems, having common values can be helpful in solving social problems. There are certain values that are widely accepted in the society. Some of these values include freedom, equal opportunity, equality, honesty, and democracy. According to crone, these values could form the basis for solving social problems. Developed policies that are consistent with shared values would be widely accepted by majority of people, which is very useful in solving social problems. Being realistic Finally, it is important to be realistic in solving social problems. Even though some social problems could be solved completely if they are addressed properly, most social problems would only be solved to a small extent. This is because solving some social problems conflict with political powers, vested interests, and the ideals of groups of people. This implies that most social problems would be bettered rather than solved fully. However, it is important to give social problems proper attention and visibility through the media to encourage the public to take action. When media persistently covers a social problem, it is likely to be addressed by policy makers completely. Therefore, sociologists should not have very high expectations of solving all social problems completely. Nonetheless, if the condition of the social problem is made better from time to time, it would eventually be solved completely. References Crone, J. (2011). How can we solve our social problems?. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press. Leon-Guerrero, A. (2011). Social problems: Community, policy, and social action. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Pine Forge Press.

Production in the Long Run Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Production in the Long Run - Essay Example When it comes to marginal product, change in production is registered after the addition of capital employed. (Steinemann 11) This could be an added employee. The major point about the long run is that all the factors pertaining to production are assumed to be variable. The term ‘Returns to Scale’ is a term used to refer to the process by which a firms output, responds to change factors input. An example of this is as outlined in the table below; Labor Input Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4 10 40 100 130 150 20 100 120 150 173 30 120 140 175 199 40 130 170 200 231 50 150 190 230 260 Capital Input 10 20 30 40 Courtesy of (http://tutor2u.net/) From the above chart, Plant 1, business increases to 40 working with labor input 10 and capital input of 10. This demonstrates increase in returns to scale, resulting to a fall in the total cost of production. Generally, the scale of production can be increased or reduced. This is due to the variability of all factors. As a result, th e firm moves to new average cost curves. Every firm has an equivalent short run average cost curve, with the firms’ expansion, it moves on to different short run average cost curves. Economies of scale result after the expanded scale output leads to a lower average cost for each level of output. The overhead costs relative to the running costs will probably be high in industries where big networks and national distribution are necessary. This leaves only little room for the company to exploit the returns of scale available in the market. When the cost disadvantage of operation is small, the companies/firms may operate at a profit. This also happens in price differentiation allowing small suppliers to sell their produce at premium price to the market average, on the advantage, willingness and ability for the consumers to pay high prices to cover the cost per unit. A high level of industry concentration is likely, where the minimum efficient scale of production is high as compa red to overall market demand. The time duration required for the long run id different from one sector to another. For example, in the nuclear power industry, it can take so many years to commission a new power plant or improve capacity. The law of diminishing marginal returns is the only critical difference between long run and short run (Tutor2u par 4). This law only applies to short run, which has a fixed output unlike the case of long run where it’s output are variable. Difference between the short and long run could differ depending on the period; some producers may operate at short run over a minimal period while others may operate at short run over a long time. Variability in the long run also applies to the quantity of capital. This means that, the company can not only adjust manpower in the industry but can also increase the size of the factory. For example, if the currently used factory is used beyond capacity, then a bigger one is constructed in the long run to acc ommodate more output. In the case where the factory has used space, it is possible to relocate to a smaller factory in the long run. The major concerns in the long run production, is how producers adjust the inputs under their control considering changes in prices. All production activities include input that is beyond the producer’s control. This includes the Government and its regulations, forces of nature, weather, and social customs and institutions. These variables are not

To what extent has realism dominated the study of security Essay

To what extent has realism dominated the study of security - Essay Example Power is a notion primarily thought of in the perspectives of material resources necessary to coerce or induce other states. The most important actor when it comes to realism is the state. It is autonomous and unitary because it speaks and acts with a single voice (Glassgold, 2012, p. 89). It is noted that the power of the state is understood in respect to its military capabilities, and thus security concerns. Although all nations seek hegemony under realism as the only path to ensure their own security, other states are incentivized to prevent through balancing the emergence of a hegemon. There is application of rational model of decision making the states through obtaining and acting upon accurate and complete information. National interest guides the sovereign states as explained in the terms of power. Since the single constraint of international system is the anarchy, none of the international authorities and the states are actually left to their devises to provide their own security. The perception of realists that Sovereign states are the key actors in the international system, leads to a special attention to large powers as they are viewed the most influential on the international stage. States are intrinsically obsessed with security (defensive realism) or are aggressive (offensive realism), and that territorial spreading out is only constrained by opposing powers. Security dilemma result due to this aggressive build-up, such that increasing ones security may convey along even increased instability as an opposing power puts up its own arms in response (Vu & Wongsurawat, 2009, p. 89). The dilemma is such that there is competition among the states to up their security as a result of feeling insecure yet at the end none of the state feels secure. There is a spiral of insecurity all along. Hence, security turns into a zero-sum game in that only relative gains can be made. Realists accept as true the fact that there are